Earned value management Essay

What is implied by an integrative venture the board procedure and for what reason is this so significant? What are the entanglements if such a methodology isn't taken? The principle objective of the integrative task the executives procedure is to take an undertaking and plan it around the particular needs of an organization. This procedure can once in a while power organizations to change how they direct business, who they publicize as well and how they pull in new clients. What makes the integrative task the executives so critical to organizations is achievement. At the point when an organization burns through a huge number of dollars to execute another procedure, they need to guarantee things go easily, particularly on the off chance that they are altering the course of their business. These tasks can take somewhat longer to finish on the grounds that the venture administrator should set aside the effort to become more acquainted with the organization, and how the direct business, yet at long last a business is normally increasingly effective on the off chance that they utilize an integrative undertaking the board system. At the point when organizations don’t follow this tacky, and go with a nonexclusive undertaking format it as a rule winds up sitting around, cash and assets. The last task, despite the fact that it is finished won’t address their issues and normally more cash is spent on little acclimations to conclude the undertaking. I see this at work constantly, presently one ever takes a gander at our PC framework all in all, and structures an arrangement around what we as of now have set up. This can become baffling on the grounds that we end up with three and four unique systems, and none of them ever appear to work accurately. For what reason is the conventional task the board approach less compelling when venture degree isn't obviously comprehended? Give guides to outline your focuses. Our content alludes to the triple imperative of extension, timetable, and financial plan. It’s a triple requirement as in changeability on any of the imperatives influences the other two. Compelling venture the executives must look after extension, calendar and financial plan in a relative harmony or parity. That is, extension change, either to grow or contract it, will by need influence calendar and financial plan. For instance, if an association needs to make increasingly limit the extent of a task that is in progress, it ought to require less assets or potentially less an ideal opportunity to achieve. Then again, if the association needs to grow the extension, it will directly affect assets and plan for that it will require more assets to complete on time, or the calendar should slip to suit limited assets spread across more undertaking errands. On the off chance that venture degree is inadequately or inappropriately characterized at venture commencement, the calendar and spending will likewise be less substantial due to the triple requirement nature of extension, timetable, and financial plan. Later in the task the board course of events when extra prerequisites may extend the degree, timetable and spending will be affected. For instance, when a previous business was arranging another midtown place of business as an organization central command, they extended the extent of the venture to incorporate a retail shopping and café zone. This required game plans with the regional government to extend an adjoining open stopping structure and permit an underneath road level passage between the structure and the stopping structure. This extension change brought about a six-month plan slip and required extra assets. Wk1 outline (Monday) Commonplace first week; rather steep bend as the learning groups structure, I get into a â€Å"battle rhythm† so I can meet my individual and group prerequisites, and I make sense of what programming/instruments I have to complete the work. This is just my second online course, and I am helped that one to remember the upsides of being a ground understudy in a specific accomplice is that the learning groups remain pretty much unblemished starting with one course then onto the next, and we can truly get down to business. Online is an alternate dynamic. Perusing load is alright up until now; I have some nature with the material since I have been working in a venture situation for quite a while.

Management Information System at Dell

The executives data framework includes the data framework and the association. MIS starts where software engineering closes. PC researchers merit awards for creating and conveying considerably further developed types of data innovation: equipment innovation; programming innovation; and system innovation. However on the grounds that no innovation actualizes itself, there is something else entirely to MIS than just data innovation. MIS has measurements. The four interrelated components of MIS are as per the following: First, MIS includes data innovation, yet in addition its launch; second, MIS includes, as receptive and inseparable components, both a data framework and its authoritative setting; third, MIS includes data innovation as a type of scholarly innovation; and fourth, MIS includes the exercises of a calling or corporate capacity which are fundamental to the pith of what MIS is (Currie and Galliers, 1999). Dell Computer Corporation: Company Background Dell Computer Corporation is a significant producer of PCs, PC peripherals, and programming. Among the main makers of PCs on the planet, Dell sells its items straightforwardly to clients through the Internet and mail-request lists instead of through retail outlets. The organization is situated in Round Rock, Texas. At Dell Computers, clients are brought into the item arranging and assembling forms, with all workers empowered having contact with clients. Through successful coordinated effort across limits, thoughts can be shared about item structures and offers. The outcome is quicker and more client centered item and administration advancement. To create the limit with regards to this, extensive consideration must be put on hierarchical structures, procedures, abilities and culture. Such components may require an extreme redesign in set up organizations (Dennis and Harris, 2002). Dell was established in 1984 by Michael Dell. In 1983, during his first year at the University of Texas, he purchased overabundance nventory of RAM chips and circle drives for IBM PCs from nearby vendors. He exchanged the parts through paper ads at costs far beneath retail cost. By 1984, his deals totaled about $80,000 per month. In April 1984, Dell dropped out of school to dispatch his organization (Ford, Honeycutt, and Simintiras, 2003). The new organization before long started fabricating its own IBM-perfect PCs under the name PCs Limited. Since Dell sold PCs legitimately to clients through ads in magazines and indexes, the organization could value its machines lower than those sold through retail locations. Deals came to about $6 million during the company’s first year, moving to $34 million the next year. By 1987, Dell was the main mail-request PC organization in the United States. In that year, it made a business power to target huge partnerships and started adding worldwide workplaces to catch the regular postal mail showcase outside the United States (Ford, Honeycutt, and Simintiras, 2003). While the organization kept on developing quickly; Dell encountered a progression of difficulties that hurt benefits. In 1990, the organization started selling PCs through retail locations, an exertion it deserted in 1994. In 1991, Dell propelled a line of note pad PCs, however quality issues and deficient creation arranging constrained the organization to quit selling for a year. In 1994, Dell propelled another line of journal PCs and extended endeavors to increment abroad deals. Dell additionally started concentrating available for servers, which utilized the PCs to run neighborhood. By the late 1990s, Dell was solidly set up as the world’s number one direct merchant of PCs. In excess of 50 percent of the company’s PC deals exchanges occurred by means of its site, which produced overall deals in abundance of $40 million per day (Ford, Honeycutt, and Simintiras, 2003). Data Processing Tools Information handling or Data preparing is the investigation and association of information. It is utilized widely in business, designing, and science and an expanding degree in almost all zones in which PCs are utilized. Organizations use information handling for such assignments as finance readiness, bookkeeping, record keeping, stock control, deals investigation, and the preparing of bank and charge card account proclamations. Specialists and researchers use information handling for a wide assortment of uses, including the preparing of seismic information for oil and mineral investigation, the examination of new item structures, the preparing of satellite symbolism, and the examination of information from logical analyses (Thierauf, 1978). Information handling is utilized broadly in business, building, and science and to an expanding degree in almost all territories in which PCs are utilized. Information handling is separated into two sorts of preparing: database handling and exchange handling. A database is an assortment of basic records that can be looked, gotten to, and altered, for example, ledger records, school transcripts, and annual assessment information. In database preparing, a mechanized database is utilized as the focal wellspring of reference information for the calculations. Exchange handling alludes to connection between two PCs in which one PC starts an exchange and another PC gives the primary the information or calculation required for that work. Most present day information handling utilizes at least one databases at least one focal locales (Thierauf, 1978). Exchange handling is utilized to access and update the databases when clients need to quickly view or include data; other information preparing programs are utilized at standard interims to give synopsis reports of action and database status. Instances of frameworks that include these capacities are robotized teller machines, credit deals terminals, and carrier reservation frameworks (Thierauf, 1978). The data preparing devices that Dell utilizes incorporate PCs, the web, maps, spreadsheets, models, and databases. For the operational degree of Dell, the most suitable apparatus for data handling is maps. Through the said data handling instrument, choices on the most proficient method to work the association can be instated and made. Maps can be utilized to figure out which nation/place data will be gained from, it can likewise help with deciding the segment level of individuals and data will be assembled. Maps can be as diagrams that can likewise give vital data. The data accumulated thusly can help with assisting with choosing how an association will be worked. For the strategic degree of Dell, the most suitable device for data preparing is databases. Through the said data preparing apparatus, the records that can help with discovering the quality and shortcoming of the organization can be utilized to decide the strategy that will be utilized by the association. For the vital degree of Dell, the most proper data preparing instrument is the web or World Wide Web. Through the web, patterns and procedures by different organizations can be known. In the wake of dissecting the patterns and systems utilized by different organizations, a proper methodology can be detailed to use by the association. Stock control frameworks Individual organizations need, as a matter of first importance, a productive stock control framework. This suggests the base measure of stock that will give the buyers what they need at whatever point and any place they need it. Adequacy of the stock framework implies fundamentally having a stock blend that is in all likelihood fruitful in fulfilling buyer needs (Samli and Sirgy, 1995). The stock control frameworks utilized by Dell is forward-thinking and solid to forestall issues to emerge. The stock arrangement of Dell ensures that anything the customer need will be accessible to them at some random time. It is likewise what the organization uses to know whether certain items are as yet accessible or abuse of the stock framework may cost issues to the organization. End Management data framework includes the data framework and the association. Dell benefits a great deal from the administration data framework. The framework enables the organization to make methodologies that will enable the organization to overcome any issues and dangers from contenders. The framework likewise helps the organization in preparing the required data. The executives Information Systems likewise causes an organization to make or update its stock control framework. Suggestions Since the MIS of an organization is an imperative piece of its tasks and its endurance in the cutting edge world, it must be very much refreshed and it must contend well with MIS’s contenders. The MIS of an organization ought to be made from exclusive requirements so it tends to be of firm rivalry against its partners. The MIS framework should assist the organization with achieving its objectives and help the organization in arriving at its latent capacity

The Historic Fight over the Mountain of Light

The Historic Fight over the Mountain of Light Its lone a hard piece of carbon, all things considered, yet the Koh-I-Noor precious stone applies an attractive draw on the individuals who observe it. When the biggest jewel on the planet, it has gone starting with one acclaimed governing family then onto the next as the tides of war and fortune have turned one way and another in the course of the last at least 800 years. Today, it is held by the British, a ruin of their pilgrim wars, however the relative conditions of all its past proprietors guarantee this disputable stone as their own. Inceptions of the Koh I Noor Indian legend holds that the Koh-I-Noors history extends back a mind boggling 5,000 years, and that the diamond has been a piece of regal crowds since around the year 3,000 BCE.  It appears to be almost certain, be that as it may, that these legends conflate different imperial jewels from various centuries, and that the Koh-I-Noor itself was most likely found during the 1200s CE. Most researchers accept that the Koh-I-Noor was found during the reign of the Kakatiya Dynasty in the Deccan Plateau of southern India (1163 - 1323).  A forerunner to the Vijayanagara Empire, Kakatiya controlled over quite a bit of present-day Andhra Pradesh, site of the Kollur Mine.  It was from this mine the Koh-I-Noor, or Mountain of Light, likely came.  In 1310, the Khilji Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate attacked the Kakatiya realm, and requested different things as tribute installments.  Kakatiyas destined ruler Prataparudra had to send tribute north, including 100 elephants, 20,000 ponies - and the Koh-I-Noor precious stone.  Thus, the Kakatiya lost their most shocking gem after under 100 years of possession, probably, and their whole realm would fall only 13 years after the fact. The Khilji family didn't appreciate this specific ruin of war for long, in any case.  In 1320, they were ousted by the Tughluq tribe, the third of five families that would control the Delhi Sultanate. Every one of the succeeding Delhi Sultanate factions would have the Koh-I-Noor, yet none of them held force for long. This record of the stones causes and early history is the most broadly acknowledged today, however there are different hypotheses also. The Mughal sovereign Babur, for one, states in his journal, the Baburnama, that during the thirteenth century the stone was the property of the Raja of Gwalior, who administered a locale of Madhya Pradesh in focal India.  To this day, we are not so much certain if the stone originated from Andhra Pradesh, from Madhya Pradesh, or from Andhra Pradesh by means of Madhya Pradesh. The Diamond of Babur A sovereign from a Turco-Mongol family in what is currently Uzbekistan, Babur vanquished the Delhi Sultanate and vanquished northern India in 1526.  He established the incomparable Mughal Dynasty, which governed northern India until 1857.  Along with the Delhi Sultanates handles, the heavenly jewel went to him, and he humbly named it the Diamond of Babur.  His family would save the pearl for a little more than 200 rather wild years. The fifth Mughal ruler was Shah Jahan, evenhandedly celebrated for requesting the development of the Taj Mahal.  Shah Jahan likewise had an expand jeweled gold royal position fabricated, called the Peacock Throne. Crusted with endless precious stones, rubies, emeralds, and pearls, the position of authority contained a noteworthy part of the Mughal Empires awesome riches.  Two brilliant peacocks enhanced the position of authority; one peacocks eye was the Koh-I-Noor or Diamond of Babur; the other was the Akbar Shah Diamond. Shah Jahans child and replacement, Aurangzeb (ruled 1661-1707), was convinced during his rule to permit a Venetian carver called Hortenso Borgia to cut the Diamond of Babur.  Borgia made a total hash of the activity, diminishing what had been the universes biggest precious stone from 793 carats to 186 carats. The completed item was very unpredictable fit as a fiddle and didn't try to please like its maximum capacity.  Furious, Aurangzeb fined the Venetian 10,000 rupees for ruining the stone. Aurangzeb was the remainder of the Great Mughals; his replacements were lesser men, and Mughal power started its moderate blur. One powerless head after another sit on the Peacock Throne for a month or a year prior being killed or ousted. Mughal India and the entirety of its riches were powerless, including the Diamond of Babur, an enticing objective for neighboring countries. Persia Takes the Diamond In 1739, the Shah of Persia, Nader Shah, attacked India and prevailed upon an extraordinary triumph Mughal powers at the Battle of Karnal. He and his military at that point sacked Delhi, assaulting the treasury and taking the Peacock Throne.  Its not so much clear where the Diamond of Babur was at that point, however it might have been in the Badshahi Mosque, where Aurangzeb had stored it after Borgia cut it. At the point when the Shah saw the Diamond of Babur, he should have shouted out, Koh-I-Noor! or then again Mountain of Light!, giving the stone its present name.  In every one of, the Persians held onto loot assessed at what might be compared to 18.4 billions dollars US in todays cash from India.  Of all the plunder, Nader Shah appears to have adored the Koh-I-Noor the most. Afghanistan Gets the Diamond Like others before him, however, the Shah didn't get the opportunity to make the most of his jewel for long.  He was killed in 1747, and the Koh-I-Noor went to one of his commanders, Ahmad Shah Durrani.  The general would proceed to vanquish Afghanistan later that equivalent year, establishing the Durrani Dynasty and governing as its first emir. Zaman Shah Durrani, the third Durrani ruler, was toppled and detained in 1801 by his more youthful sibling, Shah Shuja.  Shah Shuja was incensed when he assessed his siblings treasury, and understood that the Durranis most prized ownership, the Koh-I-Noor, was missing.  Zaman had brought the stone to jail with him, and burrowed out a concealing spot for it in the mass of his cell.  Shah Shuja offered him his opportunity as a byproduct of the stone, and Zaman Shah took the arrangement. This heavenly stone initially came to British consideration in 1808, when Mountstuart Elphinstone visited the court of Shah Shujah Durrani in Peshawar.  The British were in Afghanistan to arrange a collusion against Russia, as a feature of the Great Game.  Shah Shujah wore the Koh-I-Noor implanted in an arm band during the arrangements, and Sir Herbert Edwardes noticed that, It appeared as though the Koh-I-noor conveyed with it the power of Hindostan, in light of the fact that whichever family that had it so frequently won in fight. I would contend that truth be told, causation streamed the other way - whoever was winning the most fights for the most part caught the jewel.  It would not be some time before one more ruler would take the Koh-I-Noor for his own. The Sikhs Grab the Diamond In 1809, Shah Shujah Durrani got ousted thus by another sibling, Mahmud Shah Durrani.  Shah Shujah needed to escape into banish in India, yet he figured out how to escape with the Koh-I-Noor.  He wound up a detainee of the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, known as the Lion of the Punjab.  Singh managed from the city of Lahore, in what is presently Pakistan. Ranjit Singh before long discovered that his illustrious detainee had the jewel. Shah Shujah was obstinate, and would not like to give up his fortune.  However, by 1814, he felt that that was the ideal opportunity for him to escape from the Sikh realm, raise a military, and attempt to retake the Afghan royal position.  He consented to give Ranjit Singh the Koh-I-Noor as a byproduct of his opportunity. England Seizes the Mountain of Light After Ranjit Singhs demise in 1839, the Koh-I-Noor was passed starting with one individual then onto the next in his family for about 10 years. It wound up as the property of the youngster ruler Maharaja Dulip Singh.  In 1849, the British East India Company won in the Second Angol-Sikh War and held onto control of the Punjab from the youthful lord, giving all political capacity to the British Resident.  In the Last Treaty of Lahore (1849), it determines that the Koh-I-Noor Diamond is to be introduced to Queen Victoria, not as a blessing from the East India Company, however as a ruin of war.  The British additionally took 13-year-old Dulip Singh to Britain, where he was raised as a ward of Queen Victoria.  He supposedly once requested to have the precious stone returned, yet got no answer from the Queen. The Koh-I-Noor was a star fascination of Londons Great Exhibition in 1851.  Despite the way that its presentation case kept any light from striking its features, so it basically resembled a chunk of dull glass, a huge number of individuals stood by persistently for an opportunity to look at the precious stone every day.  The stone got such poor surveys that Prince Albert, Queen Victorias spouse, chose to have it recut in 1852.  The British government selected Dutch ace precious stone shaper, Levie Benjamin Voorzanger, to recut the popular stone.  Once once more, the shaper definitely decreased the size of the stone, this time from 186 carats to 105.6 carats.  Voorzanger had not intended to remove such a large amount of the jewel, yet found defects that should have been extracted so as to accomplish greatest shimmer.  Before Victorias demise, the precious stone was her own property; after her lifetime, it turned out to be a piece of the Crown Jewels.  Victoria wore it in a clasp, yet later sovereigns wore it as the front bit of their crowns.  The British eccentrically accepted that the Koh-I-Noor carried terrible luck to any male who had it (given its history), so just female royals have worn it.  It was set into the royal celebration crown of Queen Alexandra in 1902, at that point was moved into Queen Marys crown in 1911.  In 1937, it was added to the royal celebration crown of Elizabeth, the mother of the present ruler, Queen Elizabeth II.  It stays in the Queen Mothers crown right up 'til the present time, and was in plain view during her memorial service in 2002. Current Ownership Dispute Today, the Koh-I-Noor precious stone is as yet a ruin of

Area Under a Normal Distribution Curve Research Assignment - 275 Words

Area Under a Normal Distribution Curve Research Assignment (Math Problem Sample) Content: Area under a Normal Distribution CurveStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationArea under a Normal CurveThe area under a normal distribution curve is one. Definition of normal distribution, normal distributed data occurs when the frequencies fall off at a rate that is proportional to the space of the score from the mean, and to the frequencies CITATION Sub14 \l 1033 (Subotic, 2014). A normal distribution also means a family of probability distributions that are continuous which can be described the normal equation. The bell shaped curve helps in finding the percentage of data that is found in a certain interval. In a typical calculus problem, this is the area under the curve over the interval. This is seen in a probability distribution. The normal equation of a variable N:N= {1/ [ * (2)]}*e-y-)2/22Where y- the normal random variable, - The mean, -The standard deviation.The following is observed about a normal distribution curve as seen below; area is equally distribu ted under the normal curve. The probability that a certain value is equal to a random variable is zero. There is equal probability that d is more than X and the area that is bounded by normal curve d and infinity. There is equal probability X and d equals the area that is bounded by the normal curve d subtracted from infinity. Every curve that is normal obeys the following rule, * Approximately 68percent of the area is within one standard deviation of the mean where the curve falls. * Approximately 95 percent of the area is within two standards of deviation of the mean where the curve falls. * Approximately 99 percent of the area is within thre...

Education, And Gender Discrimination - 1441 Words

In the past recent years, there has been a lot of talk about the issues with the Taliban and those who have suffered. One of the most commonly heard of stories, is the story of a young girl who stood up for all girls trying to earn an education in a country that has made this next to impossible. This book shows a real insight to the life of a hero, which humbles readers. A major theme in this book is courage. This book relates to our studies in Sociology this semester through education, and gender discrimination. Malala s passion about education is evident even before the first page of the book. Her dedication stuck out to me, To all the girls who have faced injustice and been silenced. Together we will be heard. (Yousafzai, 2013).†¦show more content†¦If I had not known any better, I could have assumed that this poem was actually written about Malala herself because it perfectly describes her actions. She is the main character in this book, and she can be described as intel ligent, courageous, and ambitious. Her courage can be verified through her actions against the Taliban. Her ambition is seen through her drive to fight for education. With this ambition she has received nomination for a Noble Peace Prize, her own novel, and has helped countless people around the globe. The book also focuses heavily on Malala s father, Ziauddin, who is an acitivist and teacher of the Swat village they live in. His influence over Malala is evident, and many conflicts are caused by this. For example, her father is guilt stricken with the idea that he caused her to stand up, and other people have agreed that he is at fault. However, despite all of this he is still proud of his daughter for her amazing accomplishments. This book focuses on the personal life and day-to-day challenges of Malala Yousafzai. This alone brings life into the story, and allows people to see the true Malala. Basically she is a girl who prioritizes her grades above most things. She loves her fathe r, who is a very well educated man, and fuels most of her fire. She grows up listening to him talk of advocating women s rights and the worldly issues with which he is very passionate about. Along with her love for her

Essay about Born to Be Wild - 1120 Words

Can you imagine keeping your dog in a small fish bowl, or keeping a person in a cage? How do you feel if you see rare animals which you may expect to see in wildlife, but you see them in someone’s backyard instead? These are similar to what people do when they keep exotic animals as their pets. Firstly, exotic pets are rare or unusual animals which are not native to the country, but kept in captivity within human households. These animals are generally considered as a wild species, and are not typically kept as pets. According to Born Free USA, a nonprofit organization dedicated in animal protection, only thirteen states ban the private ownership of exotic animals. Millions of them are still allowed to be privately possessed in the U.S†¦show more content†¦This data has shown us that average people can’t meet exotic animals’ needs in captivity. Even the best artificial environments just can’t match the space and freedom that exotic animals may hav e in their natural habitats. Eventually, owners will realize that providing these animals with high maintenance diet and housing becomes too difficult to handle. Like what Dr. Klaphake from Association of Avian Veterinarians has experienced, â€Å"In some cases, I send the owners to a pet store or other location to make the necessary changes for proper environment and diet, but often, they are overwhelmed by the cost or effort required. Many also completely ignored me† (â€Å"Exotic Animals: Appropriately Owned Pets or Inappropriately Kept Problems?†). His experience has assured us that many owners can’t keep up with the expense and commitment to take good care of these exotic animals. Most of these animals are handled inhumanely by their owners, which can be considered as cruelty to animals too. Some owners even remove these animals teeth or claws, to minimize the risk of being harmful to the owners. 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Footage of the University of Oklahoma’s SAE Essay Example For Students

Footage of the University of Oklahoma’s SAE Essay When footage of the University of Oklahoma’s SAE fraternity singing a disgustingly racist chant which included the phrase â€Å"there will never be a nigger in SAE† emerged a couple weeks ago, I felt many things, but surprised wasn’t one of them. The video may have been taken at a private fraternity event on a bus, but I know firsthand that pervasive racism in white Greek organizations is not a new thing. I spent four years at a mostly white college in Kentucky, where daily acts of racism occurred in front of my face. So after seeing the way that some Southern white college students act in the presence of black people, it did not surprise me at all that they’d sing a fun little song about lynching niggers when they think we can’t hear them. Transylvania University is a small college (yes, it really exists; yes, that’s really what it’s called; no, I didn’t major in bloodsucking) in Lexington, Kentucky. The school was a handful of blocks away from the better-known University of Kentucky and an hour and some change away from Louisville, where I’m from. That’s why I chose the school, in part; I was an anxious kid who wanted to start over with a new group of classmates, and nearly every high school student in Louisville enrolls in either the University of Kentucky or the University of Louisville. Transy was far enough away from home yet still close enough for regular visits, had a great academic reputation, and a really cool name. And they gave me a scholarship. I decided to commit to Transy without visiting the campus; I felt like I knew enough about it, and again, they gave me the biggest scholarship of any other school I’d been accepted to (I was also really into vampire lore at the time). But on move-in day, my already rioting heart nearly stopped beating altogether as my mother and I turned into the dorm parking lot to find a Confederate flag in every window on the second floor of one of the boys’ dorms. When I enrolled at Transylvania in 2000, there were about 1,100 students, and about 20 of them were black which, as I understand it, was a school record (Transylvania was founded in 1780). A quick Google image search of the school name yields acres and acres of smiling white faces, except for the occasional basketball player. The college itself is about two blocks of bright green grass and rich brown brick buildings punctuated with trees that explode white in the spring. The apex of the campus, the building proudly displayed in their marketing materials, is a stark white building with big, stately columns called Old Morrison. There’s no sweet way to say that Old Morrison looked like the Big House on an antebellum plantation, so I won’t try to be poetic about it. So: It looks like massa’s house, and paired with all the heavy limbed trees and the blazing pink bloomingtrees and the bluest sky you’ve ever seen in your life arching forever overhead and all the melodic country accents traveling along with you as you walk through the courtyard, it sometimes feels like you’re walking through a scene in Gone With the Wind. And we all know what that was like for black folks. (Spoiler: slaves. We were slaves. ) The back of the school, known as â€Å"back circle,† is anchored by a large oval lawn punctuated with trees here and there. Transy’s student dormitories are situated around this circle; the flow of traffic, once you enter the circle’s entrance on the right-hand side, moves right, past the two boys’ dormitories collectively known as Clay/Davis. You first come to Davis Hall, home of upperclassmen and fraternity members this is the building that housed the row of Confederate flags that greeted my mother and me. After that is Clay Hall, where Transy’s freshman boys live. Davis Hall was named for Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, while Clay Hall was named after early 19th century Kentucky politician Henry Clay, who owned slaves (but magnanimously freed them after he died). Davis attended Transylvania, and Clay was once a faculty member there. Forrer Hall, the girls’ dorm, rounds the circle. (Another man with the last name of Clay Cassius, who was an abolitionist is also a Transylvania alum. There aren’t any buildings named after him. ) Here’s why there was a Confederate flag in each of those windows on the second floor in Davis Hall. The school, being as small as it was, had Greek organizations, but rather than having separate Greek housing, they had Greek floors in the dorms where all members lived. The floor with the Confederate flags in the windows was inhabited by the men of Kappa Alpha Order, known as the KAs. Every black person on campus (and those who were attuned to racial insensitivity) knew to stay away from the KAs. They were the good ol’ Southern boys, and the organization itself was founded on loaded terms like â€Å"chivalry,† â€Å"modern knighthood† (gee, why does that sound familiar? ), and the â€Å"ideal Christian gentleman. They list Confederate commander Robert E. Lee as their â€Å"spiritual founder,† which still doesn’t really make much sense to me, and though it wasn’t their official emblem, they were very, very fond of the Confederate flag. Those windows and the flags in them belonged to the KAs. When I saw the row of flags in the building I instantly told my mother that I wanted to go back home. She told me, of course, that wasn’t an option, and so I dealt with it as best I could. I went to class, tried to be open and sociable, and vented to my handful of black friends when we were alone. Promoting the Erie Canal EssayKAs at the University of Alabama issued a formal apology to the historically black Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority after their Old South parade in which they were decked out in full uniforms â€Å"happened† to pause in front of an anniversary event they were having. Kappa Alpha issued a national ban on the donning of the Confederate uniforms the following year. But, like the moving of the flags from the windows, nothing really changed at Transy. I still felt unsafe and unwelcome. Could’ve had something to do with the huge portrait of Jefferson Davis hanging in the lobby of the hall that the KAs called home. My friend’s dorm room door. Tracy Clayton The boys’ dorms may have been named after both Davis and Clay, but Davis received the most fanfare. A 9-foot statue of Davis hung in the lobby of his namesake residence hall, and a huge bust of him lived in the campus library. In April 2001 (April also happens to be â€Å"Confederate History Month† in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia and in spots of other Southern states), someone vandalized the door of a black male friend of mine by scrawling â€Å"nigger† on it in black marker. My friends and I hurried over to take pictures of the graffiti before the administration painted over it, which we knew they would do quickly. Newspapers reported that someone scratched another slur into the same door later, but I don’t remember that. The incident spurred another round of â€Å"important conversations† on campus that typically lead nowhere, but this time did lead to the removal of the portrait of Jefferson Davis, which I definitely saw as a good-faith effort to at least pretend to care about whether or not students of color felt safe and welcome on campus. I hoped that we were finally chipping away at what really was a modern-day Confederate fort housing men who actually thought of themselves as Confederate soldiers, who flew the stars and bars and faced the south to sing â€Å"Dixie. † Then-university president Charles Shearer said of the incident and the portrait, â€Å"If you have African-American students who live in that hall I can understand how that would make them feel. † His understanding apparently ran out four months later when the portrait was rehung in a different part of campus (â€Å"A portrait of Confederate president Jefferson Davis has risen again at Transylvania University,† reported the Associated Press), its removal now positioned not as an attempt to ease worried brown hearts and minds as it was before, but as a preplanned maintenance removal. The same article contained praise for Shearer’s decision to rehang the picture from the Sons of Confederate Veterans and a nod to the United Daughters of the Confederacy. And so Davis Hall remained Davis Hall, home to Confederate sympathizers of all ages. I often wrote articles for the school paper complaining about the racial climate on campus (the newspaper staff was amazing and allowed me to run some pretty sharp-tongued pieces), and at least one was ripped out and taped to a wall in Davis with the words â€Å"A FINE EXAMPLE OF IGNORANCE† scrawled across it with a marker that looked a lot like the one used on my friend’s door. The day before my graduation day, I walked about the lawn of Old Morrison, strewn with lawn chairs placed for the commencement ceremony. We’d already gotten our seating assignments and I wanted to check mine out. Mine was near some scaffolding on the side of the stage, and hanging loosely from the scaffolding, within eyeshot, was a tiny black noose. I don’t know if someone put it there knowing that I would see it. But it sure felt like it. I don’t mean to suggest, of course, that everybody living in the dorm or on campus was racially insensitive and addicted to Confederate insignia I met some truly wonderful and beautiful people of all races at Transy. Nor am I positing that members of KA were the only racially insensitive people on campus. But I do mean to paint a picture of why that SAE video, while jarring, did not surprise me. For a black girl fighting to get an education in the South, fraternities were an early introduction to privilege. I learned then that certain people could essentially do and say what they wanted with little more than a slap on the wrist or a moved portrait as punishment. White fraternities seem to attract the most privileged of already privileged men and boys, and they become breeding grounds for all the â€Å"isms† that white exclusiveness can create sexism, classism, racism. And their offenses are often explained away as mistakes. Someone wrote â€Å"nigger† on a black kid’s door? A prank gone wrong. A girl is raped at a frat party? Boys will be boys. A group of white frat boys sings a song about hanging niggers on a bus? Everyone makes mistakes. This week, as I clicked through my alma mater’s website to jog my memory to write this essay, I noticed that all references to Jefferson Davis seem to have been quietly removed, even from the short list of notable alumni that ends the brief telling of Transy’s history. Davis is slated to be torn down and rebuilt soon. I wonder if they’ll quietly drop his name from that too.